Leeladhara Mangalpady Bhandary. Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Rights – Role of the International Organisations to Regulate Business Corporations for Violating Human Rights: A Socio-Legal Study.
. 2019; 7(2):91-99. doi: 10.12691/JBMS-7-2-5
corporate social responsibility, business corporations, legal personality, human rights
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit
[1] | Mijs, J. (2019). The Gulf between the Rich and Poor is Widening – We Just Can’t See It, Independent, p.1. |
|
[2] | Welsh, J.M. (2016). The Responsibility to Protect: Securing the Individual in International Society, Law Explorer, 3, 1-3. |
|
[3] | Garcia, F.J. (1999). The Global Market and Human Rights: Trading Away the Human Rights Principle, Brooklyn Journal of International law, 25, 51-98. |
|
[4] | Redmond, P. (2003). Transnational Enterprise and Human Rights: Options for Standard Settings and Compliance, International Law, 37, 71-74. |
|
[5] | Addo, M. (1999). Human Rights and Transnational Corporations: An Introduction’ in M. Addo (5th ed.), Human Rights and Transnational Corporations, The Hague: Kluwer Law International. |
|
[6] | Union Carbide Industry, India Report, 1993. |
|
[7] | UN. (1974). Charter of Rights and Economic Duties of the State, UN Publications. |
|
[8] | Pillay, S. (2004). And Justice for All? Globalization, Multinational Corporations, and the Need for Legally Enforceable Human Rights Protections, U. Detroit Mercy Law Rev. 81, 489-492. |
|
[9] | Human Rights International Law Obligations Report. (1985), p.345. |
|
[10] | International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, (1966), G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), art 5(1), U.N. GAOR, 21st Session, Supp. No. 16 at 49, UN Doc. A/6316 (Dec. 16, 1966). |
|
[11] | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G. A. Res. (1966) 2200A (XXI), art 5(1), U.N. GAOR, 21st Session, Supp. No. 16 at 52, UN Doc. A/6316. |
|
[12] | Universal Declaration of Human Rights, G.A. Res. (1948). 217A, at 71, preamble art. 30, U.N. GAOR, 3rd Session, 1st plenary mtg., U.N.Doc. A/810. |
|
[13] | Woodroffe, J. (1999). Regulating Multinational Corporations in a World of Nation States. In Michael K. Addo, (3rd ed.), Human Rights Standards and the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, p.131-42. |
|
[14] | Picciotto, S. (2004). Rights, Responsibilities and Regulation of International Business, Columbia. J. Transnational Law, 42, 133. |
|
[15] | Jagers, N. (1999). The Legal Status of the Multinational Corporations under International Law. In M. Addo (3rd ed.), Human Rights and Transnational Corporations. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, p.260. |
|
[16] | Charney, J.I. (1983). ‘Transnational Corporations and Developing Public International Law’, Duke Law Journal. p.748. |
|
[17] | Oppenheim, L. (1905). International Law: A Treatise (Longmans, Green & Co, London), p.1-19. |
|
[18] | Zerk, J.A. (2006). Multinationals and Corporate Social Responsibility: Limitations and Opportunities in International Law (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p.2, 72. |
|
[19] | Muchlinski, P.T. (2007). Multinational Enterprises & the Law (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, p.509. |
|
[20] | Malcolm, S. (2003). International law. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, p.224. |
|
[21] | ILC. (2001). Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fifty-third Session, 26, UN Doc. A/56/10. |
|
[22] | Jessup, P.C. (1947). The Subjects of a Modern Law of Nations, Michigan Law Review, 45, 383-389. |
|
[23] | International Federation for HR. (2006). Position paper, ‘Comments to the Interim Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises’. Available at http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/business442a.pdf. |
|
[24] | Alston, P. (2005). The Not-a-Cat’ Syndrome: Can the International Human Rights Regime Accommodate Non-State Actors?’, in P. Alston (ed.), Non-State Actors and Human Rights, Series of the Collected Courses of the Academy of European law. Oxford University Press: Oxford, p.3. |
|
[25] | McDougal, M.S., Leighton, G.C.K. (1949). The Rights of Man in the World Community: Constitutional Illusions Versus Rational Action, Yale Law Journal, 59, 82-89. |
|
[26] | Schutter, O.D. (2006). The Challenge of Imposing Human Rights Norms on Corporate Actors, in Olivier de Schutter (4th ed.), Transnational Corporations and Human Rights (Hart Publishing, Oxford and Portland, Oregon), p.33. |
|
[27] | Steven, R.R. (2001). Corporations and Human Rights: A Theory of Legal Personality, Yale Law Journal, 111, 443-449. |
|
[28] | Brownlie, I. (1998). Principles of Public International Law (5th ed.), Oxford University Press: Oxford, p.88. |
|
[29] | Berhardt, R. et. al. (1981). (2nd ed.), Encyclopedia of Public International Law, p.256. |
|
[30] | Dolzer, R. (1992). Anglo Iranian Oil Company Case. In Rudolph Berhardt et. al. (4th ed.). Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 1, 167-174. |
|
[31] | Cassese, A. (2005). International Law (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press: Oxford, p.12. |
|
[32] | Duruigbo, E. (2008), Corporate Accountability and Liability for International Human Rights Abuses: Recent Changes and Recurring Challenges Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights, (6), 241. |
|
[33] | Besmer, V. (2006). The Legal Character of Private Codes of Conduct: More Than Just a Pseudo-Formal Gloss on Corporate Social Responsibility, (2) Hastings Business Law J, p.289. |
|
[34] | Rodriguez, P., Siegel, D.S., Hillman, A. & Eden, L. (2006). Three Lenses on the Multinational Enterprises: Politics, Corruption, and Corporate Social responsibility, Journal of International Business Studies, (37), 736-737. |
|
[35] | Pedamon, C. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility: A New Approach to Promoting Integrity and Responsibility, Company Lawyer, 31(6), 173-179. |
|
[36] | European Commission. (2002). Communication from the Commission concerning Corporate Social responsibility: A Business Contribution to Sustainable Development, Brussels, vol-347, p-5. |
|
[37] | Conley, J.M. & Williams, C.A. (2005). Engage, Embed, and Embellish: Theory Versus Practice in the Corporate Social Responsibility Movement, Journal of Corporate Law, 37, 11-15. |
|
[38] | The UN Report, “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework for Business and Human Rights. Available at http://www.reports-and-materials.org/Ruggie-protect-respect-remedy-framework.pdf. |
|
[39] | Harrison, J. (2010). Human Rights and Transnational Corporations: Can More Meaningful International Obligations be Established? In Faundez and Tan (eds.), Human Rights and Trans-national Corporations: Establishing Meaningful Obligations’ in International Law, Economic Globalization and Developing Countries. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, p.3. |
|
[40] | ICCPR, G.A. Resolution. (1976). 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999, U.N.T.S. 171. |
|
[41] | Draft UN Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations. (1990), UN Doc. Resolution- E/1990/94. |
|
[42] | OECD. (1976). Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, ILM, 15, 967-975. |
|
[43] | ILO. (1978). Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy. (1978) ILM 17, 422-129. |
|
[44] | Wallace, C.D. (1982). Legal Control of the Multinational Enterprise: National Regulatory Techniques and the Prospectus for International Controls. The Hague: Martinus Nijthoff, p.160. |
|
[45] | OECD. (2001). The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprise: Text, Commentary and Clarifications, Section II. |
|
[46] | Annual Report, Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises (CIME), 1976. |
|
[47] | ILO. (1977). Para 2 of the ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy. |
|
[48] | ILO. (2000). Report of the Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, Governing Body of the International Labour Organization at its 204th Session. |
|
[49] | De Schutter, O. (2006). Transnational Corporations and Human Rights: An Introduction, London: Hart Publishing. |
|
[50] | Buhmann. (2009). Regulating Corporate Social and Human Rights Responsibilities at the UN Plane: Institutionalizing New Forms of Law and Law-making Approaches? Nordic Journal of International Law, 78(1), 32-39. |
|
[51] | Annan, K. (1999). Address at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, in UN Doc. SG/SM/6448. |
|
[52] | Global Compact Leaders Summit. (2004). The Introduction of Tenth Principle on Corruption, New York. |
|
[53] | Leipziger, D. (2003). The Corporate Responsibility Code Book (2nd ed.), Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing, p.72-75. |
|
[54] | Nolan, J. (2005). The United Nations’ Compact with Business: Hindering or Helping the Protection of Human Rights, University of Queensland Law Journal, 24, 458-464. |
|
[55] | UN Sub-commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights. (2001). The Effects of the Working Methods and Activities of Transnational Corporations on the Enjoyment of Human Rights, Res. 2001/3, UN Doc E/CN.4/Sub.2/RES/3. |
|
[56] | Weissbrodt, D. & Kruger, M. (2003). Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with Regards to Human Rights, Am. J. Int. Law, 97, 904-909. |
|
[57] | Ruggie, J. (2010) Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the issue of Human Rights and Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises. United Nations Publications. [https://www.business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/reports-and-materials/Ruggie- UN-draft-Guiding-Principles-22-Nov-2010.pdf]. |
|
[58] | Arnold, D.G. (2010). Transnational Corporations and the Duty to Respect Basic Human Rights, Business Ethics Quarterly, 20(3), 374-379. |
|
[59] | United Nations Press Release. (2005). Available at https://www.un.org/press/en/2005/sga934.doc.htm. |
|
[60] | UN. (2011). United Nations Overview Report on Human Rights and transnational Corporations. Available at https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/SRSGTransCorpIndex.aspx. |
|
[61] | UNHRC. (2008). Resolution 8/7. [http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/HRC/resolutions/A_HRC_RES_8_7.pdf]. |
|
[62] | UNGA. (2010). Draft Guiding Principles for the Implementation of the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework. [https://www.business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/reports-and-materials/Ruggie-UN-draft-Guiding-Principles-22-Nov-2010. pdf]. |
|
[63] | HRLRC. (2011). Comments on the Draft Guiding Principles for the Implementation of the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ Framework’, submitted to the UN Special Representative on Business and Human Rights. [http://www.business-humanrights.org/Special]. |
|
[64] | Amnesty International. (2010). Comments in response to the UN Special Representative of the Secretary General on Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises. [https://www.business-humanrights.org/sites/default/files/media/ documents/ruggie/amnesty-intl-comments-re-ruggie-outline-guiding-principles-oct-2010.pdf]. |
|
[65] | UNHRC. (2010). UN Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 31: The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, UN Doc CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13. |
|
[66] | UN. (1965). International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. UNTS, 660, 195-206. |
|
[67] | UN. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. 1577, UNTS, p.3. |
|
[68] | Backer, L.C. (2011). On the Evolution of the United Nations “Protect, Respect-Remedy Project”: The State, the Corporation and Human Rights in a Global Governance Context. Santa Clara J. International Law. 9, 37-45. |
|